La enfermedad de Johann Sebastian Bach y su mediático médico inglés / Johann Sebastian Bach's disease and his bizarre english physician

Johann Sebastian Bach suffered during the last year of his life of a progressive visual defect despite two operations done by a famous but quite controversial English ocular surgeon of that time. The exact diagnosis of his ocular problems is unclear but cataracts and complicated glaucoma seem the most plausible. A septic complication following the ocular surgery could have weakened Bach's health leading to his death only three months after the last intervention. In this paper diverse less known aspects of Bach's disease and life are reported.

Biomechanical characteristics changes with ocular response analyzer in keratoconic eyes after intrastromal corneal ring segment [keraring] implantation

Background: Keratoconus is a progressive and non-Manimatoiy cornea ectasia in cornea, developed by progressive thinning and protrusion and cone formation. Despite use of spectacles and contact lens for improvement of vision, these methods were impracticability and unsatisfactory. Our aim in this study was to assess effect of Intrastromal corneal ring segment [keraring] implantation on corneal biomechanical parameters

Methods: In clinical trial study, 21 keratoconic eyes with inclusion criteria were selected and placed ICRS [keraring] and biomechanical characteristics were assessed preoperation and 1 and 6 months after surgery with ocular response analyzer

Result: Mean CRF and CH and difference CH-CRF measures were not significant in this study at 1 and 6 months after surgery. Mean difference of kl, k2 at 1 and 6 months after surgery were significant comparing to preoperation results [p=0.02]. l0Pg and l0Pcc were not significant in post operation than preoperation. Waveform score measures were significant in post operation than preoperation. Change of CH-CRF with waveform score change measures were significantly difference [p=0.02, R=0.31]. CCT were not significant in post operation than pre operation. Changes of CCT measures had significant relation with change of l0Pcc [p=0.02, R=0.40]. Change of CCT measures had significant relation with change of CH-CRF [p=0.02, R=0.11]

Conclusion: Keraring made change of corneal shape but did not changed biomechanical properties

Changing trends in the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in a rural district of India: Systematic observations over a decade.

Context: Globally, limited data are available on changing trends of blindness from a single region. Aims: To report the changing trends in the prevalence of blindness, visual impairment (VI), and visual outcomes of cataract surgery in a rural district of Andhra Pradesh, India, over period of one decade. Settings and Design: Rural setting; cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Using a validated Rapid Assessment of Cataract Surgical Services (RACSS) method, population-based, cross-sectional survey was done in a rural district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Two-stage sampling procedure was used to select participants ≥50 years of age. Further, a comparative analysis was done with participants ≥50 years from the previously concluded Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS) study, who belonged to the same district. Statistical Analysis: Done using 11th version of Stata. Results: Using RACSS, 2160/2300 (93.9%) participants were examined as compared with the APEDS dataset (n=521). Age and sex adjusted prevalence of blindness in RACSS and APEDS was 8% (95% CI, 6.9–9.1%) and 11% (95% CI, 8.3–13.7%), while that of VI was 13.6% (95% CI, 12.2–15.1%) and 40.3% (95% CI, 36.1–44.5%), respectively. Cataract was the major cause of blindness in both the studies. There was a significant reduction in blindness following cataract surgery as observed through RACSS (17.3%; 95% CI, 13.5–21.8%) compared with APEDS (34%; 95% CI, 20.9–49.3%). Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in prevalence of blindness and VI in this rural district of India over a decade.

Is refractive surgery justified?

Refractive surgery may be defined as any kind of eye surgery in which attempt is made to produce a level of spectacle error that is accepted to the patient. Cataract surgery with lens implantation is the most often done refractive surgery on the eye. The following kinds of refractive surgery are being practised: With normal crystalline lens, phacic intra-ocular lens, surgery with cornea, using excimer laser, other newer techniques. Radial keratotomy is one procedure of refractive surgery with cornea. In this operation, radial cuts are made on the cornea starting near the edge of the pupil and reaching up to the limbus. Number of cuts vary from 4 to 24 depending upon the seventy of myopia. Its advantage is its cost effectiveness and can be performed in a remote area. There are two ways of excimer laser: photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The processes are elaborated in the article. Before any refractive surgery is performed, it is imperative that the whole of the eye receives full and detailed attention. The patient needs to be explained of the procedure. Utmost care should be taken to observe sterilisation of the instruments and the environment.

Photorefractive keratectomy for moderate myopia with the VISX and Summit excrimer lasers: a retrospective study

Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados obtidos com ceratectomia fotorrefrativa (PRK) para a correção de miopia variando de -4,0 a -6,0 dioptrias realizadas com os excimer lasers VISX e Summit. Métodos: Para o estudo foram avaliados os resultados de PRK realizados em pacientes com idade entre 20 e 45 anos, miopia entre -4,0 e -6,0 diotropias e astigmatismo até 1,0 diotropia .O grupo operado com o laser da marca Summit era composto de 51 olhos. O equivalente esférico médio pré-operatório era de -5,22ñ0,17 diatropias e as cirurgias foram realizadas com o Excimed UV 200 LA Excimer Laser. O grupo operado com o laser VISX, era composto de 53 olhos e o erro refrativo preoperatório era de -4,85ñ0,16 diatropias e as cirurgias foram realizadas com o Twenty/Twenty Excimer Laser.